Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Effects of Spironolactone and Losartan on Diabetic Nephropathy in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model: Mi Young Lee, Myoung Sook Shim, Bo Hwan Kim, Soon Won Hong, Ran Choi, Eun Young Lee, Soo Min Nam, Gun Woo Kim, Jang Yel Shin, Young Goo Shin, Choon Hee Chung; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):130-137. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.130

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Background

While there is an evidence that the anti-inflammatory properties of spironolactone can attenuate proteinuria in type 2 diabetes, its effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in diabetic nephropathy have not been clearly defined. In this study, we examined the effects of spironolactone, losartan, and a combination of these two drugs on albuminuria, renal VEGF expression, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in a type 2 diabetic rat model.

Methods

Thirty-three Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty (OLETF) rats were divided into four groups and treated with different medication regimens from weeks 25 to 50; OLETF diabetic controls (n=5), spironolactone-treated (n=10), losartan-treated (n=9), and combination of spironolactone- and losartan-treated (n=9).

Results

At week 50, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly decreased in the losartan and combination groups compared to the control OLETF group. No decrease was detected in the spironolactone group. There was a significant reduction in renal VEGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and type IV collagen mRNA levels in the spironolactone- and combination regimen-treated groups. Twenty-four hour urine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels were comparable in all four groups but did show a decreasing trend in the losartan and combination regimen groups. Twenty-four hour urine malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased in the spironolactone- and combination regimen-treated groups.

Conclusion

These results suggest that losartan alone and a combined regimen of spironolactone and losartan could ameliorate albuninuria by reducing renal VEGF expression. Also, simultaneous treatment with spironolactone and losartan may have protective effects against diabetic nephropathy by decreasing TGF-β and type IV collagen expression and by reducing oxidative stress in a type 2 diabetic rat model.

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Motonobu Nakamura, Nobuhiko Satoh, Masashi Suzuki, Haruki Kume, Yukio Homma, George Seki, Shoko Horita
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Jia-sheng Wu, Rong Shi, Jie Zhong, Xiong Lu, Bing-liang Ma, Tian-ming Wang, Bin Zan, Yue-ming Ma, Neng-neng Cheng, Fu-rong Qiu
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Relationship between Menopausal Status and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Korean Women.: Jang Hyun Koh, Mi Young Lee, Soo Min Nam, Joong Kyung Sung, Pil Moon Jung, Jin Kyu Noh, Jang Yel Shin, Young Goo Shin, Choon Hee Chung; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(3):243-251. Published online June 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.3.243

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Postmenopausal status is associated with a 60% increased risk for metabolic syndrome. It is thought to be associated with decreased estrogens and increased abdominal obesity in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome components and menopausal status. METHODS: A total of 1,926 women were studied and divided into three groups according to their menstrual stage (premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal). The presence of metabolic syndrome was assessed using the National Cholesterol Education Program's (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 7.1% in premenopause, 9.8% in perimenopause, and 24.2% in postmenopause. The strong correlation was noted between the metabolic syndrome score and waist circumference in postmenopause (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) and perimenopause (r = 0.60, P < 0.01). Along the menopausal transition, the risk of metabolic syndrome increased with high triglyceride after the age-adjusted (odds ratio (OR) 1.517 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.014~2.269] in perimenopausal women and OR 1.573 [95% CI 1.025~2.414] in postmenopausal women). In addition, the prevalence of metabolic syndromeincreased in accordance with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels. CONCLUSION: Triglyceride and waist circumference were important metabolic syndrome components, though ALT and GGT may also be related for predicting metabolic syndrome during the transition to menopause.

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Hye-Sang Lee, Chong-Suk Kwon
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2010; 39(10): 1459. CrossRef
The Association between Serum GGT Concentration and Diabetic Peripheral Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Ho Chan Cho
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 111. CrossRef
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Risk Factors of Elderly Residents in Andong Rural Area 1. Based on the Anthropometric Measurements and Health Behaviors
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2010; 39(4): 511. CrossRef

Alcohol Consumption, Liver Enzymes, and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adult Men.: Soo Min Nam, Ho Yeol Yu, Mi Young Lee, Jang Hyun Koh, Jang Yel Shin, Young Goo Shin, Choon Hee Chung; Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(3):253-260. Published online May 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.3.253

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23 Download
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increasing incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The relationship between the amount of alcohol consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is controversial. Our study was performed to evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean men. Also we examined the correlation of liver markers, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) with the development of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We enrolled 1,775 Korean men (mean age 40.0 +/- 5.8 years) who were undergone health check-ups in our hospital. Each component of metabolic syndrome was measured by using the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) criteria. The subjects were divided into 4 subgroups according to the amount of alcohol consumption; Group 1: no consumption, 2 (mild): those consumed less than 200 g/week, 3 (moderate): those consumed 200~399 g/week, 4 (heavy): those consumed more than 400 g/week. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24.6%. There were significant positive correlations between the amount of alcohol consumption blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, GGT levels and HDL cholesterol levels. But the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome were not significantly increased in subjects with moderate alcohol consumption. The odds ratios for the metabolic syndrome significantly increased in proportion to the increasing levels of ALT and GGT. CONCLUSION: Although alcohol consumption didn't increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, the amount of alcohol consumption had significant positive correlation with components of metabolic syndrome in Korean men, and elevated ALT and GGT levels could strongly associate with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

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